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B§{Xam Jm§Yr H$m OÝ_ 19 Zd§~a 1917 H$mo Bbmhm~mX (CÎma àXoe) Ho$ AmZÝX ^dZ Zm_H$ _H$mZ _| hþAm WmŸ& AmOmXr Ho$ ghO d gmXm _mhm¡b _| nbt-~‹T>t B§{Xam {à`X{e©Zr Zo AnZo àma§{^H$ OrdZ _| XwI H$mo ~hþV {ZH$Q>Vm go XoIm hr Zht Wm,_hgyg ^r {H$`m WmŸ&

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B§{Xam Jm§Yr Ho$ _Z-_pñVîH$ _| CZHo$ ~MnZ Ho$ XwI Ohm§-Vhm§ {XImB© XoVo h¢ Ÿ& _m§ H$_bm Zohê$ H$m ^mobmnZ gX¡d CZH$mo AnZm bJVm O~{H$ {nVm n§.Odmha bmb Zohê$ H$s _m§ Ho$ à{V ~oéIr gX¡d AmH«$mo{eV H$aVrŸ& O~ B§{Xam Jm§Yr 17 gmb H$s Wt V~ _m§ H$_bm Zohê$ H$s H¡$§ga go hþB© _m¡V Zo CÝh| EH$X_ Vmo‹S> {X`mŸ& do AHo$br ahZo bJt ,n‹T>mB© _| _Z Zht bJm Am¡a "{dÐmohr' ~ZVr JBªŸ& BZ ~mVm| H$m lr_Vr Jm§Yr H$r A§Va§J XmoñV d OrdZrH$ma nwnwb O`H$a Zo 1992 _| hmn©a H$mqbg Ûmam àH$m{eV AnZr {H$Vm~ "B§{Xam Jm§Yr' _| C„oI {H$`m h¡Ÿ&

1942 _| {\$amoO Jm§Yr go emXr ,1947 VH$ XmoZm| ~ƒm| H$m OÝ_, 1959 _| H$m§J«og AÜ`j ~ZZm , 1964 _| {nVm H$s _¥Ë`w ,1966 _| bmb ~hmXwa emór H$s _¥Ë`w Ho$ ~mX àYmZ_§Ìr ~ZZo VH$ H$m CZH$m g\$a AmgmZr go H$Q> J`mŸ& B§{Xam Jm§Yr H$s Agbr narjm 1970 Ho$ ~mX go ewê$ hþB© Am¡a Cgr g_` Xoe H$mo "Jy§Jr Jw{‹S>`m' H$hr OmZo dmbr Bg ZoÌr H$m Agbr ê$n XoIZo H$mo {_bmŸ&

1971 _| ^maV _| eaUmWu g_ñ`m ~‹T>Vr Om ahr Wr Ÿ& nm{H$ñVmZr goZm go àVm{‹S>V nydu nm{H$ñVmZ Ho$ g¡H$‹S>mo§ ZmJ[aH$ amoO n.~§Jmb Am¡a {~hma _| KwgVo Wo Ÿ& {Oggo ^maV _| amoOJma, ImZ-nmZ Ho$ Abmdm gwajm H$s ^r g_ñ`m I‹S>r hmo JB© Wr Ÿ& B§{Xam Jm§Yr Zo Bg Xm¡amZ {Og Vah Xw{Z`m ^a _| ^maV Ho$ nj _| OZ_V ~Zm`m Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ H$mo `wÕ _| hamH$a ~§JbmXoe H$m {Z_m©U H$am`m ,dh AmO ^r bmoJm| Ho$ {bE "Jm¡ad MMm©' H$m {df` ~ZVm h¡Ÿ &

^maV _| {nN>bo gmb 13 {Xg§~a H$mo g§gX na hþE h_bo Ho$ ~mX O~ 11 _hrZo nm{H$ñVmZ gr_m na V¡ZmV ahH$a ^maVr` goZm dmng bm¡Q> ahr h¡ ,d¡go Adga na B§{Xam Jm§Yr Ho$ gmhg Am¡a Hy$Q>Zr{V H$mo {ZpíMV ê$n go `mX {H$`m OmZm Mm{hEŸ& dV©_mZ àYmZ_§Ìr AQ>b {~hmar dmOno`r Zo ~§Jbm _w{º$ g§J«m_ Ho$ {bE hr B§{Xam Jm§Yr H$mo e{º$ H$m àVrH$ "XwJm©' H$hm WmŸ&

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1975 _| ^maV _| AmnmV H$mb bmJy H$aZm Am¡a 1980 _| {gI AbJmddmX H$mo ewê$ _| AZXoIm H$aZm d ~mX _| "AmnaoeZ ãby ñQ>ma ' O¡gr H$‹S>r H$ma©dmB© Zo ^bo hr B§{Xam Jm§Yr H$mo Hw$N> bmoJm| H$mo VmZmemh H$hZo H$m _m¡H$m Xo {X`m hmo ,bo{H$Z Š`m `h gM Zht h¡ {H$ ^maV O¡go g_mO H$mo EH$ AXX B©_mZXma d bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ VmZmemh H$s AmO ^r Oê$aV h¡Ÿ&