Boulami, 31, smashed his own world record for the 3,000 metres steeplechase of seven minutes 55.28 seconds set in Brussels in 2001 when he clocked an astonishing 7:53.17 on August 16 in Zurich last year.
But blood and urine tests taken the previous day showed traces of the banned stamina-boosting substance EPO in the athlete's body. EPO boosts oxygen-carrying red cells in the blood.
The Zurich world record is awaiting ratification, according to the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) website.
The Moroccan Athletics Federation decided in February not to sanction Boulami because of doubts over the testing methods, CAS said on Wednesday in a statement.
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A three-man CAS panel sat for two days in October to hear the case.
"The tribunal has come to the conclusion that the prohibited substance EPO was present in Brahim Boulami's urine," the Lausanne-based CAS said in a statement on Wednesday.
"It has also found that the urine test performed by the laboratory in charge of the analyses was reliable and valid."
CAS said Boulami's two-year ban would be backdated to start from August 28 2002.
